1.
Gunja, N., Graudins, A.: Management of cardiac arrest following poisoning. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 23, 16–22 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01369.x.
2.
Hendry-Hofer, T.B., Ng, P.C., Witeof, A.E., Mahon, S.B., Brenner, M., Boss, G.R., Bebarta, V.S.: A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Treatment Challenges. Journal of Medical Toxicology. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-018-0688-y.
3.
Jha, V., Padmaprakash, K.: Extracorporeal treatment in the management of acute poisoning: What an intensivist should know? Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 22, (2018). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_425_18.
4.
Phillips, K., Luk, A., Soor, G.S., Abraham, J.R., Leong, S., Butany, J.: Cocaine Cardiotoxicity. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 9, 177–196 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03256574.
5.
Bateman, D.N.: Paracetamol poisoning: beyond the nomogram. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 80, 45–50 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12604.
6.
Bateman, D.N., Dear, J.W., Thanacoody, H.K.R., Thomas, S.H.L., Eddleston, M., Sandilands, E.A., Coyle, J., Cooper, J.G., Rodriguez, A., Butcher, I., Lewis, S.C., Vliegenthart, A.D.B., Veiraiah, A., Webb, D.J., Gray, A.: Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 383, 697–704 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62062-0.
7.
Paracetamol overdose - RCEMLearning, https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/paracetamol-overdose-2/.
8.
Pharmacology and Toxicology: Treatment of Poisons - Salicylate Intoxication - Renal and Urology News, https://www.renalandurologynews.com/nephrology-hypertension/pharmacology-and-toxicology-treatment-of-poisons--salicylate-intoxication/article/616622/.
9.
Salicylate Toxicity - REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog, http://rebelem.com/salicylate-toxicity/.
10.
Weaver, L.K.: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine. 360, 1217–1225 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp0808891.
11.
Guidelines for the Management of Excited Delirium/Acute Behavioural Disturbance, https://www.rcem.ac.uk/docs/College%20Guidelines/5p.%20RCEM%20guidelines%20for%20management%20of%20Acute%20Behavioural%20Disturbance%20(May%202016).pdf.
12.
Buckley, N.A., Dawson, A.H., Isbister, G.K.: Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 348, g1626–g1626 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1626.
13.
Sim, S.-S., Sun, J.-T.: Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 375, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMicm1506066.
14.
CBRN Handbook, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/712888/Chemical_biological_radiological_and_nuclear_incidents_clinical_management_and_health_protection.pdf.
15.
Hughes, H., Peters, R., Davies, G., Griffiths, K.: A study of patients presenting to an emergency department having had a ‘spiked drink’. Emergency Medicine Journal. 24, 89–91 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.040360.
16.
Quigley, P., Lynch, D.M., Little, M., Murray, L., Lynch, A.-M., O’Halloran, S.J.: Prospective study of 101 patients with suspected drink spiking. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 21, 222–228 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01185.x.
17.
Greene, S.L., Shiew, C.M., Streete, P., Mustchin, S.J., Hugget, D., Earl, B., Dargan, P.I.: What’s being used to spike your drink? Alleged spiked drink cases in inner city London. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 83, 754–758 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2007.059048.
18.
Duncan, R., Thakore, S.: Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale Score Does Not Mandate Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 37, 451–455 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.11.026.
19.
Eizadi-Mood, N., Saghaei, M., Alfred, S., Zargarzadeh, A.H., Huynh, C., Gheshlaghi, F., Yaraghi, A., Saad, Y.S.: Comparative evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and gag reflex in predicting aspiration pneumonitis in acute poisoning. Journal of Critical Care. 24, 470.e9-470.e15 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.08.008.
20.
Paediatric Toxicology Considerations - RCEMLearning, https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/modules/paediatric-toxicology-considerations/.
21.
Clinical Practice Guidelines : Iron poisoning, https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Iron_poisoning/.
22.
Rotella, J.-A.: The Toxicological Risk Assessment. Don’t Forget The Bubbles. (2018). https://doi.org/10.31440/DFTB.16255.
23.
Kasturiratne, A., Wickremasinghe, A.R., de Silva, N., Gunawardena, N.K., Pathmeswaran, A., Premaratna, R., Savioli, L., Lalloo, D.G., de Silva, H.J.: The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths. PLoS Medicine. 5, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218.
24.
Darryl Wood: Classifying snakebite in South Africa: Validating a scoring system. South African Medical Journal. 107, (2016).
25.
Witherington, E.M.A., Pirzada, O.M., Avery, A.J.: Communication gaps and readmissions to hospital for patients aged 75 years and older: observational study. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 17, 71–75 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2006.020842.
26.
Gallagher, P., O’Mahony, D.: STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria. Age and Ageing. 37, 673–679 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afn197.
27.
Beers Criteria - American Geriatric Society, https://www.sigot.org/allegato_docs/1057_Beers-Criteria.pdf.
28.
Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings | Guidance and guidelines | NICE.
29.
ABD: Guidelines on management in police custody, https://fflm.ac.uk/resources/publications/acute-behavioural-disturbance-abdguidelines-on-management-in-police-custody/.
30.
Klein, L.R., Driver, B.E., Miner, J.R., Martel, M.L., Hessel, M., Collins, J.D., Horton, G.B., Fagerstrom, E., Satpathy, R., Cole, J.B.: Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 72, 374–385 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.027.
31.
PATERSON, B., BRADLEY, P., STARK, C., SADDLER, D., LEADBETTER, D., ALLEN, D.: Deaths associated with restraint use in health and social care in the UK. The results of a preliminary survey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 10, 3–15 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2003.00523.x.
32.
Vilke, G.M., Payne-James, J., Karch, S.B.: Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS): Redefining an old diagnosis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 19, 7–11 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2011.10.006.
33.
Musselman, M.E., Saely, S.: Diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced hyperthermia. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 70, 34–42 (2013). https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp110543.
34.
The prescription opioid addiction and abuse epidemic: how it happened and what we can do about it | Comment | Pharmaceutical Journal, https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/opinion/the-prescription-opioid-addiction-and-abuse-epidemic-how-it-happened-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.
35.
Susanne Dreborg, Görel Sundström, Tomas A. Larsson and Dan Larhammar: Evolution of Vertebrate Opioid Receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 105, (2008).
36.
McDonald, J., Lambert, D.: Opioid receptors. BJA Education. 15, 219–224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku041.
37.
Sporer, K.A., Firestone, J., Isaacs, S.M.: Out-of-hospital Treatment of Opioid Overdoses in an Urban Setting. Academic Emergency Medicine. 3, 660–667 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03487.x.
38.
Wyatt, J.P.: Oxford handbook of emergency medicine. Oxford University Press, New York, New York (2012).
39.
Elms, A.: Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. Academic Emergency Medicine. 18, e85–e85 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01179.x.
40.
LITFL Toxicology Library • LITFL Tox Library, https://litfl.com/tox-library/.
41.
High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning, http://crashingpatient.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hiet-review.pdf.
42.
Graudins, A., Lee, H.M., Druda, D.: Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 81, 453–461 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12763.
43.
Johnson, N.J., Gaieski, D.F., Allen, S.R., Perrone, J., DeRoos, F.: A Review of Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Severe Poisoning by Cardiotoxic Drugs. Journal of Medical Toxicology. 9, 54–60 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-012-0281-8.
44.
Boswell-Smith, V., Spina, D., Page, C.P.: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. British Journal of Pharmacology. 147, S252–S257 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495.
45.
Laack, T.A., Thompson, K.M., Kofler, J.M., Bellolio, M.F., Sawyer, M.D., Issa Laack, N.N.: Comparison of Trauma Mortality and Estimated Cancer Mortality From Computed Tomography During Initial Evaluation of Intermediate-Risk Trauma Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 70, 1362–1365 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e1707f.
46.
RCEM Alcohol A Toolkit for Improving Care 2015, https://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/royal-college-of-emergency-medicine_alcohol---a-toolkit-for-improving-care.pdf.
47.
Rao, R., Roche, A.: Substance misuse in older people. BMJ. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3885.
48.
Crawford, M.J., Patton, R., Touquet, R., Drummond, C., Byford, S., Barrett, B., Reece, B., Brown, A., Henry, J.A.: Screening and referral for brief intervention of alcohol-misusing patients in an emergency department: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 364, 1334–1339 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17190-0.
49.
Boyer, E.W., Shannon, M.: The Serotonin Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 352, 1112–1120 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041867.
50.
Prakash, S., Rathore, C., Rana, K., Dave, A., Joshi, H., Patel, J.: Refining the clinical features of serotonin syndrome: A prospective observational study of 45 patients. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 22, (2019). https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.AIAN_344_18.
51.
Demystifying serotonin syndrome (or serotonin toxicity), http://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/64/10/720.full.pdf.
52.
Nguyen, H., Pan, A., Smollin, C., Cantrell, L.F., Kearney, T.: An 11-year retrospective review of cyproheptadine use in serotonin syndrome cases reported to the California Poison Control System. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 44, 327–334 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12796.
