1.
Gunja N, Graudins A. Management of cardiac arrest following poisoning. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2011;23(1):16-22. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01369.x
2.
Hendry-Hofer TB, Ng PC, Witeof AE, et al. A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Treatment Challenges. Journal of Medical Toxicology. Published online 11 December 2018. doi:10.1007/s13181-018-0688-y
3.
Jha V, Padmaprakash K. Extracorporeal treatment in the management of acute poisoning: What an intensivist should know? Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2018;22(12). doi:10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_425_18
4.
Phillips K, Luk A, Soor GS, Abraham JR, Leong S, Butany J. Cocaine Cardiotoxicity. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs. 2009;9(3):177-196. doi:10.1007/BF03256574
5.
Bateman DN. Paracetamol poisoning: beyond the nomogram. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2015;80(1):45-50. doi:10.1111/bcp.12604
6.
Bateman DN, Dear JW, Thanacoody HKR, et al. Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2014;383(9918):697-704. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62062-0
7.
Paracetamol overdose - RCEMLearning. https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/paracetamol-overdose-2/
8.
Pharmacology and Toxicology: Treatment of Poisons - Salicylate Intoxication - Renal and Urology News. https://www.renalandurologynews.com/nephrology-hypertension/pharmacology-and-toxicology-treatment-of-poisons--salicylate-intoxication/article/616622/
9.
Salicylate Toxicity - REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog. http://rebelem.com/salicylate-toxicity/
10.
Weaver LK. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine. 2009;360(12):1217-1225. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp0808891
11.
Guidelines for the Management of Excited Delirium/Acute Behavioural Disturbance. https://www.rcem.ac.uk/docs/College%20Guidelines/5p.%20RCEM%20guidelines%20for%20management%20of%20Acute%20Behavioural%20Disturbance%20(May%202016).pdf
12.
Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014;348(feb19 6):g1626-g1626. doi:10.1136/bmj.g1626
13.
Sim SS, Sun JT. Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 2016;375(18). doi:10.1056/NEJMicm1506066
14.
CBRN Handbook. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/712888/Chemical_biological_radiological_and_nuclear_incidents_clinical_management_and_health_protection.pdf
15.
Hughes H, Peters R, Davies G, Griffiths K. A study of patients presenting to an emergency department having had a ‘spiked drink’. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2007;24(2):89-91. doi:10.1136/emj.2006.040360
16.
Quigley P, Lynch DM, Little M, Murray L, Lynch AM, O’Halloran SJ. Prospective study of 101 patients with suspected drink spiking. Emergency Medicine Australasia. 2009;21(3):222-228. doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01185.x
17.
Greene SL, Shiew CM, Streete P, et al. What’s being used to spike your drink? Alleged spiked drink cases in inner city London. Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2007;83(986):754-758. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2007.059048
18.
Duncan R, Thakore S. Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale Score Does Not Mandate Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2009;37(4):451-455. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.11.026
19.
Eizadi-Mood N, Saghaei M, Alfred S, et al. Comparative evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and gag reflex in predicting aspiration pneumonitis in acute poisoning. Journal of Critical Care. 2009;24(3):470.e9-470.e15. doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.08.008
20.
Paediatric Toxicology Considerations - RCEMLearning. https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/modules/paediatric-toxicology-considerations/
21.
Clinical Practice Guidelines : Iron poisoning. https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Iron_poisoning/
22.
Rotella JA. The Toxicological Risk Assessment. Don’t Forget The Bubbles. Published online 15 July 2018. doi:10.31440/DFTB.16255
23.
Kasturiratne A, Wickremasinghe AR, de Silva N, et al. The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths. PLoS Medicine. 2008;5(11). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218
24.
Darryl Wood. Classifying snakebite in South Africa: Validating a scoring system. South African Medical Journal. 2016;107(1). http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11763/7911
25.
Witherington EMA, Pirzada OM, Avery AJ. Communication gaps and readmissions to hospital for patients aged 75 years and older: observational study. Quality and Safety in Health Care. 2008;17(1):71-75. doi:10.1136/qshc.2006.020842
26.
Gallagher P, O’Mahony D. STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria. Age and Ageing. 2008;37(6):673-679. doi:10.1093/ageing/afn197
27.
Beers Criteria - American Geriatric Society. https://www.sigot.org/allegato_docs/1057_Beers-Criteria.pdf
28.
Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings | Guidance and guidelines | NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10
29.
ABD: Guidelines on management in police custody. https://fflm.ac.uk/resources/publications/acute-behavioural-disturbance-abdguidelines-on-management-in-police-custody/
30.
Klein LR, Driver BE, Miner JR, et al. Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2018;72(4):374-385. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.027
31.
PATERSON B, BRADLEY P, STARK C, SADDLER D, LEADBETTER D, ALLEN D. Deaths associated with restraint use in health and social care in the UK. The results of a preliminary survey. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2003;10(1):3-15. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2850.2003.00523.x
32.
Vilke GM, Payne-James J, Karch SB. Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS): Redefining an old diagnosis. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine. 2012;19(1):7-11. doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2011.10.006
33.
Musselman ME, Saely S. Diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced hyperthermia. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2013;70(1):34-42. doi:10.2146/ajhp110543
34.
The prescription opioid addiction and abuse epidemic: how it happened and what we can do about it | Comment | Pharmaceutical Journal. https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/opinion/the-prescription-opioid-addiction-and-abuse-epidemic-how-it-happened-and-what-we-can-do-about-it
35.
Susanne Dreborg, Görel Sundström, Tomas A. Larsson and Dan Larhammar. Evolution of Vertebrate Opioid Receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008;105(40). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25464438?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
36.
McDonald J, Lambert D. Opioid receptors. BJA Education. 2015;15(5):219-224. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku041
37.
Sporer KA, Firestone J, Isaacs SM. Out-of-hospital Treatment of Opioid Overdoses in an Urban Setting. Academic Emergency Medicine. 1996;3(7):660-667. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03487.x
38.
Wyatt JP. Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine. Fourth edition. Oxford University Press; 2012. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gmul-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1578266
39.
Elms A. Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2011;18(10):e85-e85. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01179.x
40.
LITFL Toxicology Library • LITFL Tox Library. https://litfl.com/tox-library/
41.
High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning. http://crashingpatient.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hiet-review.pdf
42.
Graudins A, Lee HM, Druda D. Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2016;81(3):453-461. doi:10.1111/bcp.12763
43.
Johnson NJ, Gaieski DF, Allen SR, Perrone J, DeRoos F. A Review of Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Severe Poisoning by Cardiotoxic Drugs. Journal of Medical Toxicology. 2013;9(1):54-60. doi:10.1007/s13181-012-0281-8
44.
Boswell-Smith V, Spina D, Page CP. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2009;147(S1):S252-S257. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495
45.
Laack TA, Thompson KM, Kofler JM, Bellolio MF, Sawyer MD, Issa Laack NN. Comparison of Trauma Mortality and Estimated Cancer Mortality From Computed Tomography During Initial Evaluation of Intermediate-Risk Trauma Patients. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care. 2011;70(6):1362-1365. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e1707f
46.
RCEM Alcohol A Toolkit for Improving Care 2015. https://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/royal-college-of-emergency-medicine_alcohol---a-toolkit-for-improving-care.pdf
47.
Rao R, Roche A. Substance misuse in older people. BMJ. Published online 22 August 2017. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3885
48.
Crawford MJ, Patton R, Touquet R, et al. Screening and referral for brief intervention of alcohol-misusing patients in an emergency department: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2004;364(9442):1334-1339. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17190-0
49.
Boyer EW, Shannon M. The Serotonin Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005;352(11):1112-1120. doi:10.1056/NEJMra041867
50.
Prakash S, Rathore C, Rana K, Dave A, Joshi H, Patel J. Refining the clinical features of serotonin syndrome: A prospective observational study of 45 patients. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2019;22(1). doi:10.4103/aian.AIAN_344_18
51.
Demystifying serotonin syndrome (or serotonin toxicity). http://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/64/10/720.full.pdf
52.
Nguyen H, Pan A, Smollin C, Cantrell LF, Kearney T. An 11-year retrospective review of cyproheptadine use in serotonin syndrome cases reported to the California Poison Control System. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2019;44(2):327-334. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12796
