@article{Bateman_2015, title={Paracetamol poisoning: beyond the nomogram}, volume={80}, DOI={10.1111/bcp.12604}, number={1}, journal={British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, author={Bateman, D. Nicholas}, year={2015}, month={Jul}, pages={45–50} }
@article{Bateman_Dear_Thanacoody_Thomas_Eddleston_Sandilands_Coyle_Cooper_Rodriguez_Butcher_et al._2014, title={Reduction of adverse effects from intravenous acetylcysteine treatment for paracetamol poisoning: a randomised controlled trial}, volume={383}, DOI={10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62062-0}, number={9918}, journal={The Lancet}, author={Bateman, D Nicholas and Dear, James W and Thanacoody, H K Ruben and Thomas, Simon H L and Eddleston, Michael and Sandilands, Euan A and Coyle, Judy and Cooper, Jamie G and Rodriguez, Aryelly and Butcher, Isabella and Lewis, Steff C and Vliegenthart, A D Bastiaan and Veiraiah, Aravindan and Webb, David J and Gray, Alasdair}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={697–704} }
@article{Boswell-Smith_Spina_Page_2009, title={Phosphodiesterase inhibitors}, volume={147}, DOI={10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495}, number={S1}, journal={British Journal of Pharmacology}, author={Boswell-Smith, Victoria and Spina, Domenico and Page, Clive P}, year={2009}, month={Feb}, pages={S252–S257} }
@article{Boyer_Shannon_2005, title={The Serotonin Syndrome}, volume={352}, DOI={10.1056/NEJMra041867}, number={11}, journal={New England Journal of Medicine}, author={Boyer, Edward W. and Shannon, Michael}, year={2005}, month={Mar}, pages={1112–1120} }
@article{Buckley_Dawson_Isbister_2014, title={Serotonin syndrome}, volume={348}, DOI={10.1136/bmj.g1626}, number={feb19 6}, journal={BMJ}, author={Buckley, N. A. and Dawson, A. H. and Isbister, G. K.}, year={2014}, month={Feb}, pages={g1626–g1626} }
@article{Crawford_Patton_Touquet_Drummond_Byford_Barrett_Reece_Brown_Henry_2004, title={Screening and referral for brief intervention of alcohol-misusing patients in an emergency department: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial}, volume={364}, DOI={10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17190-0}, number={9442}, journal={The Lancet}, author={Crawford, Mike J and Patton, Robert and Touquet, Robin and Drummond, Colin and Byford, Sarah and Barrett, Barbara and Reece, Ben and Brown, Adrian and Henry, John A}, year={2004}, month={Oct}, pages={1334–1339} }
@article{Darryl Wood_2016, title={Classifying snakebite in South Africa: Validating a scoring system}, volume={107}, url={http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11763/7911}, number={1}, journal={South African Medical Journal}, author={Darryl Wood}, year={2016} }
@article{Duncan_Thakore_2009, title={Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale Score Does Not Mandate Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department}, volume={37}, DOI={10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.11.026}, number={4}, journal={The Journal of Emergency Medicine}, author={Duncan, Russell and Thakore, Shobhan}, year={2009}, month={Nov}, pages={451–455} }
@article{Eizadi-Mood_Saghaei_Alfred_Zargarzadeh_Huynh_Gheshlaghi_Yaraghi_Saad_2009, title={Comparative evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and gag reflex in predicting aspiration pneumonitis in acute poisoning}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.08.008}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Critical Care}, author={Eizadi-Mood, Nastaran and Saghaei, Mahmood and Alfred, Sam and Zargarzadeh, Amir Hooshang and Huynh, Chanh and Gheshlaghi, Farzad and Yaraghi, Ahmad and Saad, Yousef Shadi}, year={2009}, month={Sep}, pages={470.e9-470.e15} }
@article{Elms_2011, title={Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies}, volume={18}, DOI={10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01179.x}, number={10}, journal={Academic Emergency Medicine}, author={Elms, Andrew}, year={2011}, month={Oct}, pages={e85–e85} }
@article{Gallagher_O’Mahony_2008, title={STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions): application to acutely ill elderly patients and comparison with Beers’ criteria}, volume={37}, DOI={10.1093/ageing/afn197}, number={6}, journal={Age and Ageing}, author={Gallagher, P. and O’Mahony, D.}, year={2008}, month={Oct}, pages={673–679} }
@article{Graudins_Lee_Druda_2016, title={Calcium channel antagonist and beta-blocker overdose: antidotes and adjunct therapies}, volume={81}, DOI={10.1111/bcp.12763}, number={3}, journal={British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, author={Graudins, Andis and Lee, Hwee Min and Druda, Dino}, year={2016}, month={Mar}, pages={453–461} }
@article{Greene_Shiew_Streete_Mustchin_Hugget_Earl_Dargan_2007, title={What’s being used to spike your drink? Alleged spiked drink cases in inner city London}, volume={83}, DOI={10.1136/pgmj.2007.059048}, number={986}, journal={Postgraduate Medical Journal}, author={Greene, S L and Shiew, C M and Streete, P and Mustchin, S J and Hugget, D and Earl, B and Dargan, P I}, year={2007}, month={Dec}, pages={754–758} }
@article{Gunja_Graudins_2011, title={Management of cardiac arrest following poisoning}, volume={23}, DOI={10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01369.x}, number={1}, journal={Emergency Medicine Australasia}, author={Gunja, Naren and Graudins, Andis}, year={2011}, month={Feb}, pages={16–22} }
@article{Hendry-Hofer_Ng_Witeof_Mahon_Brenner_Boss_Bebarta_2018, title={A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Treatment Challenges}, DOI={10.1007/s13181-018-0688-y}, journal={Journal of Medical Toxicology}, author={Hendry-Hofer, Tara B. and Ng, Patrick C. and Witeof, Alyssa E. and Mahon, Sari B. and Brenner, Matthew and Boss, Gerry R. and Bebarta, Vikhyat S.}, year={2018}, month={Dec} }
@article{Hughes_Peters_Davies_Griffiths_2007, title={A study of patients presenting to an emergency department having had a ‘spiked drink’}, volume={24}, DOI={10.1136/emj.2006.040360}, number={2}, journal={Emergency Medicine Journal}, author={Hughes, H. and Peters, R. and Davies, G. and Griffiths, K.}, year={2007}, month={Feb}, pages={89–91} }
@article{Jha_Padmaprakash_2018, title={Extracorporeal treatment in the management of acute poisoning: What an intensivist should know?}, volume={22}, DOI={10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_425_18}, number={12}, journal={Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine}, author={Jha, VijoyKumar and Padmaprakash, KV}, year={2018} }
@article{Johnson_Gaieski_Allen_Perrone_DeRoos_2013, title={A Review of Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Severe Poisoning by Cardiotoxic Drugs}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1007/s13181-012-0281-8}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Medical Toxicology}, author={Johnson, Nicholas J. and Gaieski, David F. and Allen, Steven R. and Perrone, Jeanmarie and DeRoos, Francis}, year={2013}, month={Mar}, pages={54–60} }
@article{Kasturiratne_Wickremasinghe_de Silva_Gunawardena_Pathmeswaran_Premaratna_Savioli_Lalloo_de Silva_2008, title={The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths}, volume={5}, DOI={10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218}, number={11}, journal={PLoS Medicine}, author={Kasturiratne, Anuradhani and Wickremasinghe, A. Rajitha and de Silva, Nilanthi and Gunawardena, N. Kithsiri and Pathmeswaran, Arunasalam and Premaratna, Ranjan and Savioli, Lorenzo and Lalloo, David G and de Silva, H. Janaka}, year={2008}, month={Nov} }
@article{Klein_Driver_Miner_Martel_Hessel_Collins_Horton_Fagerstrom_Satpathy_Cole_2018, title={Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department}, volume={72}, DOI={10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.027}, number={4}, journal={Annals of Emergency Medicine}, author={Klein, Lauren R. and Driver, Brian E. and Miner, James R. and Martel, Marc L. and Hessel, Michelle and Collins, Jacob D. and Horton, Gabriella B. and Fagerstrom, Erik and Satpathy, Rajesh and Cole, Jon B.}, year={2018}, month={Oct}, pages={374–385} }
@article{Laack_Thompson_Kofler_Bellolio_Sawyer_Issa Laack_2011, title={Comparison of Trauma Mortality and Estimated Cancer Mortality From Computed Tomography During Initial Evaluation of Intermediate-Risk Trauma Patients}, volume={70}, DOI={10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e1707f}, number={6}, journal={The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care}, author={Laack, Torrey A. and Thompson, Kathryn M. and Kofler, James M. and Bellolio, M. Fernanda and Sawyer, Mark D. and Issa Laack, Nadia N.}, year={2011}, month={Jun}, pages={1362–1365} }
@article{McDonald_Lambert_2015, title={Opioid receptors}, volume={15}, DOI={10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku041}, number={5}, journal={BJA Education}, author={McDonald, J and Lambert, DG}, year={2015}, month={Oct}, pages={219–224} }
@article{Musselman_Saely_2013, title={Diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced hyperthermia}, volume={70}, DOI={10.2146/ajhp110543}, number={1}, journal={American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy}, author={Musselman, Megan E. and Saely, Suprat}, year={2013}, month={Jan}, pages={34–42} }
@article{Nguyen_Pan_Smollin_Cantrell_Kearney_2019, title={An 11-year retrospective review of cyproheptadine use in serotonin syndrome cases reported to the California Poison Control System}, volume={44}, DOI={10.1111/jcpt.12796}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics}, author={Nguyen, Hien and Pan, Angel and Smollin, Craig and Cantrell, Lee F. and Kearney, Tom}, year={2019}, month={Apr}, pages={327–334} }
@article{PATERSON_BRADLEY_STARK_SADDLER_LEADBETTER_ALLEN_2003, title={Deaths associated with restraint use in health and social care in the UK. The results of a preliminary survey}, volume={10}, DOI={10.1046/j.1365-2850.2003.00523.x}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing}, author={PATERSON, B. and BRADLEY, P. and STARK, C. and SADDLER, D. and LEADBETTER, D. and ALLEN, D.}, year={2003}, month={Feb}, pages={3–15} }
@article{Phillips_Luk_Soor_Abraham_Leong_Butany_2009, title={Cocaine Cardiotoxicity}, volume={9}, DOI={10.1007/BF03256574}, number={3}, journal={American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs}, author={Phillips, Katharine and Luk, Adriana and Soor, Gursharan S. and Abraham, Jonathan R. and Leong, Shaun and Butany, Jagdish}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={177–196} }
@article{Prakash_Rathore_Rana_Dave_Joshi_Patel_2019, title={Refining the clinical features of serotonin syndrome: A prospective observational study of 45 patients}, volume={22}, DOI={10.4103/aian.AIAN_344_18}, number={1}, journal={Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology}, author={Prakash, Sanjay and Rathore, Chaturbhuj and Rana, KaushikKumar and Dave, Ankit and Joshi, Hemant and Patel, Jay}, year={2019} }
@article{Quigley_Lynch_Little_Murray_Lynch_O’Halloran_2009, title={Prospective study of 101 patients with suspected drink spiking}, volume={21}, DOI={10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01185.x}, number={3}, journal={Emergency Medicine Australasia}, author={Quigley, Paul and Lynch, Dania M and Little, Mark and Murray, Lindsay and Lynch, Ann-Maree and O’Halloran, Sean J}, year={2009}, month={Jun}, pages={222–228} }
@article{Rao_Roche_2017, title={Substance misuse in older people}, DOI={10.1136/bmj.j3885}, journal={BMJ}, author={Rao, Rahul and Roche, Ann}, year={2017}, month={Aug} }
@article{Rotella_2018, title={The Toxicological Risk Assessment}, DOI={10.31440/DFTB.16255}, journal={Don’t Forget The Bubbles}, author={Rotella, Joe-Anthony}, year={2018}, month={Jul} }
@article{Sim_Sun_2016, title={Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome}, volume={375}, DOI={10.1056/NEJMicm1506066}, number={18}, journal={New England Journal of Medicine}, author={Sim, Shyh-Shyong and Sun, Jen-Tang}, year={2016}, month={Nov} }
@article{Sporer_Firestone_Isaacs_1996, title={Out-of-hospital Treatment of Opioid Overdoses in an Urban Setting}, volume={3}, DOI={10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03487.x}, number={7}, journal={Academic Emergency Medicine}, author={Sporer, Karl A. and Firestone, Jennifer and Isaacs, S. Marshal}, year={1996}, month={Jul}, pages={660–667} }
@article{Susanne Dreborg, Görel Sundström, Tomas A. Larsson and Dan Larhammar_2008, title={Evolution of Vertebrate Opioid Receptors}, volume={105}, url={https://www.jstor.org/stable/25464438?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents}, number={40}, journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, publisher={National Academy of Sciences}, author={Susanne Dreborg, Görel Sundström, Tomas A. Larsson and Dan Larhammar}, year={2008} }
@article{Vilke_Payne-James_Karch_2012, title={Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS): Redefining an old diagnosis}, volume={19}, DOI={10.1016/j.jflm.2011.10.006}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine}, author={Vilke, Gary M. and Payne-James, Jason and Karch, Steven B.}, year={2012}, month={Jan}, pages={7–11} }
@article{Weaver_2009, title={Carbon Monoxide Poisoning}, volume={360}, DOI={10.1056/NEJMcp0808891}, number={12}, journal={New England Journal of Medicine}, author={Weaver, Lindell K.}, year={2009}, month={Mar}, pages={1217–1225} }
@article{Witherington_Pirzada_Avery_2008, title={Communication gaps and readmissions to hospital for patients aged 75 years and older: observational study}, volume={17}, DOI={10.1136/qshc.2006.020842}, number={1}, journal={Quality and Safety in Health Care}, author={Witherington, E M A and Pirzada, O M and Avery, A J}, year={2008}, month={Feb}, pages={71–75} }
@book{Wyatt_2012, address={New York, New York}, edition={Fourth edition}, title={Oxford handbook of emergency medicine}, url={https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gmul-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1578266}, publisher={Oxford University Press}, author={Wyatt, Jonathan P.}, year={2012} }
@misc{Paracetamol overdose - RCEMLearning, url={https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/paracetamol-overdose-2/} }
@misc{Pharmacology and Toxicology: Treatment of Poisons - Salicylate Intoxication - Renal and Urology News, url={https://www.renalandurologynews.com/nephrology-hypertension/pharmacology-and-toxicology-treatment-of-poisons--salicylate-intoxication/article/616622/} }
@misc{Salicylate Toxicity - REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog, url={http://rebelem.com/salicylate-toxicity/} }
@misc{Guidelines for the Management of Excited Delirium/Acute Behavioural Disturbance, url={https://www.rcem.ac.uk/docs/College%20Guidelines/5p.%20RCEM%20guidelines%20for%20management%20of%20Acute%20Behavioural%20Disturbance%20(May%202016).pdf} }
@misc{CBRN Handbook, url={https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/712888/Chemical_biological_radiological_and_nuclear_incidents_clinical_management_and_health_protection.pdf} }
@misc{Paediatric Toxicology Considerations - RCEMLearning, url={https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/modules/paediatric-toxicology-considerations/} }
@misc{Clinical Practice Guidelines : Iron poisoning, url={https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Iron_poisoning/} }
@misc{Beers Criteria - American Geriatric Society, url={https://www.sigot.org/allegato_docs/1057_Beers-Criteria.pdf} }
@article{Violence and aggression: short-term management in mental health, health and community settings  | Guidance and guidelines | NICE, url={https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10}, publisher={NICE} }
@misc{ABD: Guidelines on management in police custody, url={https://fflm.ac.uk/resources/publications/acute-behavioural-disturbance-abdguidelines-on-management-in-police-custody/} }
@misc{The prescription opioid addiction and abuse epidemic: how it happened and what we can do about it | Comment | Pharmaceutical Journal, url={https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/opinion/the-prescription-opioid-addiction-and-abuse-epidemic-how-it-happened-and-what-we-can-do-about-it} }
@misc{LITFL Toxicology Library • LITFL Tox Library, url={https://litfl.com/tox-library/} }
@misc{High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning, url={http://crashingpatient.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hiet-review.pdf} }
@misc{RCEM Alcohol  A Toolkit for Improving Care 2015, url={https://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/royal-college-of-emergency-medicine_alcohol---a-toolkit-for-improving-care.pdf} }
@misc{Demystifying serotonin syndrome (or serotonin toxicity), url={http://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/64/10/720.full.pdf} }