‘ABD: Guidelines on Management in Police Custody’. n.d. https://fflm.ac.uk/resources/publications/acute-behavioural-disturbance-abdguidelines-on-management-in-police-custody/.
Bateman, D. Nicholas. 2015. ‘Paracetamol Poisoning: Beyond the Nomogram’. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 80 (1): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12604.
Bateman, D Nicholas, James W Dear, H K Ruben Thanacoody, Simon H L Thomas, Michael Eddleston, Euan A Sandilands, Judy Coyle, et al. 2014. ‘Reduction of Adverse Effects from Intravenous Acetylcysteine Treatment for Paracetamol Poisoning: A Randomised Controlled Trial’. The Lancet 383 (9918): 697–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62062-0.
‘Beers Criteria - American Geriatric Society’. n.d. https://www.sigot.org/allegato_docs/1057_Beers-Criteria.pdf.
Boswell-Smith, Victoria, Domenico Spina, and Clive P Page. 2009. ‘Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors’. British Journal of Pharmacology 147 (S1): S252–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706495.
Boyer, Edward W., and Michael Shannon. 2005. ‘The Serotonin Syndrome’. New England Journal of Medicine 352 (11): 1112–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra041867.
Buckley, N. A., A. H. Dawson, and G. K. Isbister. 2014. ‘Serotonin Syndrome’. BMJ 348 (feb19 6): g1626–g1626. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1626.
‘CBRN Handbook’. n.d. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/712888/Chemical_biological_radiological_and_nuclear_incidents_clinical_management_and_health_protection.pdf.
‘Clinical Practice Guidelines : Iron Poisoning’. n.d. https://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Iron_poisoning/.
Crawford, Mike J, Robert Patton, Robin Touquet, Colin Drummond, Sarah Byford, Barbara Barrett, Ben Reece, Adrian Brown, and John A Henry. 2004. ‘Screening and Referral for Brief Intervention of Alcohol-Misusing Patients in an Emergency Department: A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial’. The Lancet 364 (9442): 1334–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17190-0.
Darryl Wood. 2016. ‘Classifying Snakebite in South Africa: Validating a Scoring System’. South African Medical Journal 107 (1). http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/11763/7911.
‘Demystifying Serotonin Syndrome (or Serotonin Toxicity)’. n.d. http://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/64/10/720.full.pdf.
Duncan, Russell, and Shobhan Thakore. 2009. ‘Decreased Glasgow Coma Scale Score Does Not Mandate Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department’. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 37 (4): 451–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.11.026.
Eizadi-Mood, Nastaran, Mahmood Saghaei, Sam Alfred, Amir Hooshang Zargarzadeh, Chanh Huynh, Farzad Gheshlaghi, Ahmad Yaraghi, and Yousef Shadi Saad. 2009. ‘Comparative Evaluation of Glasgow Coma Score and Gag Reflex in Predicting Aspiration Pneumonitis in Acute Poisoning’. Journal of Critical Care 24 (3): 470.e9-470.e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.08.008.
Elms, Andrew. 2011. ‘Goldfrank’s Toxicologic Emergencies’. Academic Emergency Medicine 18 (10): e85–e85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2011.01179.x.
Gallagher, P., and D. O’Mahony. 2008. ‘STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions): Application to Acutely Ill Elderly Patients and Comparison with Beers’ Criteria’. Age and Ageing 37 (6): 673–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afn197.
Graudins, Andis, Hwee Min Lee, and Dino Druda. 2016. ‘Calcium Channel Antagonist and Beta-Blocker Overdose: Antidotes and Adjunct Therapies’. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 81 (3): 453–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12763.
Greene, S L, C M Shiew, P Streete, S J Mustchin, D Hugget, B Earl, and P I Dargan. 2007. ‘What’s Being Used to Spike Your Drink? Alleged Spiked Drink Cases in Inner City London’. Postgraduate Medical Journal 83 (986): 754–58. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2007.059048.
‘Guidelines for the Management of Excited Delirium/Acute Behavioural Disturbance’. n.d. https://www.rcem.ac.uk/docs/College%20Guidelines/5p.%20RCEM%20guidelines%20for%20management%20of%20Acute%20Behavioural%20Disturbance%20(May%202016).pdf.
Gunja, Naren, and Andis Graudins. 2011. ‘Management of Cardiac Arrest Following Poisoning’. Emergency Medicine Australasia 23 (1): 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2010.01369.x.
Hendry-Hofer, Tara B., Patrick C. Ng, Alyssa E. Witeof, Sari B. Mahon, Matthew Brenner, Gerry R. Boss, and Vikhyat S. Bebarta. 2018. ‘A Review on Ingested Cyanide: Risks, Clinical Presentation, Diagnostics, and Treatment Challenges’. Journal of Medical Toxicology, December. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-018-0688-y.
‘High-Dose Insulin Therapy in Beta-Blocker and Calcium Channel-Blocker Poisoning’. n.d. http://crashingpatient.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/hiet-review.pdf.
Hughes, H., R. Peters, G. Davies, and K. Griffiths. 2007. ‘A Study of Patients Presenting to an Emergency Department Having Had a “Spiked Drink”’. Emergency Medicine Journal 24 (2): 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2006.040360.
Jha, VijoyKumar, and KV Padmaprakash. 2018. ‘Extracorporeal Treatment in the Management of Acute Poisoning: What an Intensivist Should Know?’ Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 22 (12). https://doi.org/10.4103/ijccm.IJCCM_425_18.
Johnson, Nicholas J., David F. Gaieski, Steven R. Allen, Jeanmarie Perrone, and Francis DeRoos. 2013. ‘A Review of Emergency Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Severe Poisoning by Cardiotoxic Drugs’. Journal of Medical Toxicology 9 (1): 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-012-0281-8.
Kasturiratne, Anuradhani, A. Rajitha Wickremasinghe, Nilanthi de Silva, N. Kithsiri Gunawardena, Arunasalam Pathmeswaran, Ranjan Premaratna, Lorenzo Savioli, David G Lalloo, and H. Janaka de Silva. 2008. ‘The Global Burden of Snakebite: A Literature Analysis and Modelling Based on Regional Estimates of Envenoming and Deaths’. PLoS Medicine 5 (11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0050218.
Klein, Lauren R., Brian E. Driver, James R. Miner, Marc L. Martel, Michelle Hessel, Jacob D. Collins, Gabriella B. Horton, Erik Fagerstrom, Rajesh Satpathy, and Jon B. Cole. 2018. ‘Intramuscular Midazolam, Olanzapine, Ziprasidone, or Haloperidol for Treating Acute Agitation in the Emergency Department’. Annals of Emergency Medicine 72 (4): 374–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.027.
Laack, Torrey A., Kathryn M. Thompson, James M. Kofler, M. Fernanda Bellolio, Mark D. Sawyer, and Nadia N. Issa Laack. 2011. ‘Comparison of Trauma Mortality and Estimated Cancer Mortality From Computed Tomography During Initial Evaluation of Intermediate-Risk Trauma Patients’. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 70 (6): 1362–65. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e1707f.
‘LITFL Toxicology Library • LITFL Tox Library’. n.d. https://litfl.com/tox-library/.
McDonald, J, and DG Lambert. 2015. ‘Opioid Receptors’. BJA Education 15 (5): 219–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mku041.
Musselman, Megan E., and Suprat Saely. 2013. ‘Diagnosis and Treatment of Drug-Induced Hyperthermia’. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 70 (1): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp110543.
Nguyen, Hien, Angel Pan, Craig Smollin, Lee F. Cantrell, and Tom Kearney. 2019. ‘An 11-Year Retrospective Review of Cyproheptadine Use in Serotonin Syndrome Cases Reported to the California Poison Control System’. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 44 (2): 327–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12796.
‘Paediatric Toxicology Considerations - RCEMLearning’. n.d. https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/modules/paediatric-toxicology-considerations/.
‘Paracetamol Overdose - RCEMLearning’. n.d. https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/paracetamol-overdose-2/.
PATERSON, B., P. BRADLEY, C. STARK, D. SADDLER, D. LEADBETTER, and D. ALLEN. 2003. ‘Deaths Associated with Restraint Use in Health and Social Care in the UK. The Results of a Preliminary Survey’. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 10 (1): 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2850.2003.00523.x.
‘Pharmacology and Toxicology: Treatment of Poisons - Salicylate Intoxication - Renal and Urology News’. n.d. https://www.renalandurologynews.com/nephrology-hypertension/pharmacology-and-toxicology-treatment-of-poisons--salicylate-intoxication/article/616622/.
Phillips, Katharine, Adriana Luk, Gursharan S. Soor, Jonathan R. Abraham, Shaun Leong, and Jagdish Butany. 2009. ‘Cocaine Cardiotoxicity’. American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 9 (3): 177–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03256574.
Prakash, Sanjay, Chaturbhuj Rathore, KaushikKumar Rana, Ankit Dave, Hemant Joshi, and Jay Patel. 2019. ‘Refining the Clinical Features of Serotonin Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study of 45 Patients’. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.AIAN_344_18.
Quigley, Paul, Dania M Lynch, Mark Little, Lindsay Murray, Ann-Maree Lynch, and Sean J O’Halloran. 2009. ‘Prospective Study of 101 Patients with Suspected Drink Spiking’. Emergency Medicine Australasia 21 (3): 222–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01185.x.
Rao, Rahul, and Ann Roche. 2017. ‘Substance Misuse in Older People’. BMJ, August. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3885.
‘RCEM Alcohol A Toolkit for Improving Care 2015’. n.d. https://ranzetta.typepad.com/files/royal-college-of-emergency-medicine_alcohol---a-toolkit-for-improving-care.pdf.
Rotella, Joe-Anthony. 2018. ‘The Toxicological Risk Assessment’. Don’t Forget The Bubbles, July. https://doi.org/10.31440/DFTB.16255.
‘Salicylate Toxicity - REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog’. n.d. http://rebelem.com/salicylate-toxicity/.
Sim, Shyh-Shyong, and Jen-Tang Sun. 2016. ‘Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome’. New England Journal of Medicine 375 (18). https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMicm1506066.
Sporer, Karl A., Jennifer Firestone, and S. Marshal Isaacs. 1996. ‘Out-of-Hospital Treatment of Opioid Overdoses in an Urban Setting’. Academic Emergency Medicine 3 (7): 660–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03487.x.
Susanne Dreborg, Görel Sundström, Tomas A. Larsson and Dan Larhammar. 2008. ‘Evolution of Vertebrate Opioid Receptors’. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105 (40). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25464438?pq-origsite=summon&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.
‘The Prescription Opioid Addiction and Abuse Epidemic: How It Happened and What We Can Do about It | Comment | Pharmaceutical Journal’. n.d. https://pharmaceutical-journal.com/article/opinion/the-prescription-opioid-addiction-and-abuse-epidemic-how-it-happened-and-what-we-can-do-about-it.
Vilke, Gary M., Jason Payne-James, and Steven B. Karch. 2012. ‘Excited Delirium Syndrome (ExDS): Redefining an Old Diagnosis’. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 19 (1): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2011.10.006.
‘Violence and Aggression: Short-Term Management in Mental Health, Health and Community Settings | Guidance and Guidelines | NICE’. n.d. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng10.
Weaver, Lindell K. 2009. ‘Carbon Monoxide Poisoning’. New England Journal of Medicine 360 (12): 1217–25. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp0808891.
Witherington, E M A, O M Pirzada, and A J Avery. 2008. ‘Communication Gaps and Readmissions to Hospital for Patients Aged 75 Years and Older: Observational Study’. Quality and Safety in Health Care 17 (1): 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2006.020842.
Wyatt, Jonathan P. 2012. Oxford Handbook of Emergency Medicine. Fourth edition. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gmul-ebooks/detail.action?docID=1578266.
