Bibliography for ICM7078 Diagnostic Tools in Critical Illness BETA

‘2-E5: Critical Care Medicine 2’. Respirology, vol. 18, Nov. 2013, pp. 195–97, https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.12184_44.

(423) Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/7459155609437074/?lp=true.

Abdominal Trauma | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/abdominal-trauma.

Abdominal X-Ray Review: ABDO X (Summary) | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/abdominal-x-ray-review-abdo-x-summary.

Acheampong, Angela, and Jean-Louis Vincent. ‘A Positive Fluid Balance Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Patients with Sepsis’. Critical Care, vol. 19, no. 1, Dec. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-0970-1.

Acute Pancreatitis | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/acute-pancreatitis.

Agricola, Eustachio, et al. ‘"Ultrasound Comet-Tail Images”: A Marker Of Pulmonary Edema’. Chest, vol. 127, no. 5, May 2005, pp. 1690–95, https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.127.5.1690.

Al Deeb, Mohammad, et al. ‘Point-of-Care Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Patients Presenting With Acute Dyspnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’. Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 21, no. 8, Aug. 2014, pp. 843–52, https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12435.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201003-0369OC.

Antonakaki, Dimitra, et al. ‘Epstein-Barr Futile Myocarditis Requiring Urgent Orthotopic Heart Transplantation’. Perfusion, vol. 31, no. 5, July 2016, pp. 431–32, https://doi.org/10.1177/0267659115618460.

Arteriovenous Blood Gas Agreement in Intensive Care Patients with Varying Levels of Circulatory Compromise: A Pilot Study. https://www.cicm.org.au/CICM_Media/CICMSite/CICM-Website/Resources/Publications/CCR%20Journal/Previous%20Editions/December%202015/ccr_17_4_011215-253.pdf.

Atkinson, Nathan S. S., et al. ‘How to Perform Gastrointestinal Ultrasound: Anatomy and Normal Findings’. World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 23, no. 38, Oct. 2017, pp. 6931–41, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.6931.

Atkinson, Paul, et al. ‘International Federation for Emergency Medicine Consensus Statement:                  Sonography in Hypotension and Cardiac Arrest (SHoC): An International Consensus on                  the Use of Point of Care Ultrasound for Undifferentiated Hypotension and during                  Cardiac Arrest’. CJEM, vol. 19, no. 06, Nov. 2017, pp. 459–70, https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.394.

---. ‘International Federation for Emergency Medicine Consensus Statement:                  Sonography in Hypotension and Cardiac Arrest (SHoC): An International Consensus on                  the Use of Point of Care Ultrasound for Undifferentiated Hypotension and during                  Cardiac Arrest’. CJEM, vol. 19, no. 06, Nov. 2017, pp. 459–70, https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.394.

Atkinson, Paul R., et al. ‘Does Point-of-Care Ultrasonography Improve Clinical Outcomes in Emergency Department Patients With Undifferentiated Hypotension? An International Randomized Controlled Trial From the SHoC-ED Investigators’. Annals of Emergency Medicine, June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.04.002.

Baumgartner, H., et al. ‘Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis: EAE/ASE Recommendations for Clinical Practice’. European Journal of Echocardiography, vol. 10, no. 1, Jan. 2009, pp. 1–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jen303.

Best Practice Recommendations for Cleaning and Disinfection of Ultrasound Transducers Whilst Maintaining Transducer Integrity. http://efsumb.org/safety/resources/2017-probe_cleaning.pdf.

Bloom, Benjamin M., et al. ‘The Role of Venous Blood Gas in the Emergency Department’. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 81–88, https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e32836437cf.

Bonita Anderson. Echocardiography: The Normal Examination and Echocardiographic Measurements. Echotext Pty Ltd; 3rd Revised edition edition, 31AD, https://www.amazon.co.uk/Echocardiography-Normal-Examination-Echocardiographic-Measurements/dp/0992322219/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1527070994&sr=1-1&keywords=Echocardiography%3A+The+Normal+Examination+of+Echocardiographic+Measurements.

Bowel Obstruction | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/bowel-obstruction.

Breitkreutz, Raoul, et al. ‘Focused Echocardiographic Evaluation in Resuscitation Management: Concept of an Advanced Life Support–Conformed Algorithm’. Critical Care Medicine, vol. 35, no. Suppl, May 2007, pp. S150–61, https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000260626.23848.FC.

Browning, Robert, et al. ‘Peripheral Venous and Arterial Lactate Agreement in Septic Patients in the Emergency Department’. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 21, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 139–41, https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e328361321c.

Cai, Qiangjun, et al. ‘The Left Bundle-Branch Block Puzzle in the 2013 ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Guideline: From Falsely Declaring Emergency to Denying Reperfusion in a High-Risk Population. Are the Sgarbossa Criteria Ready for Prime Time?’ American Heart Journal, vol. 166, no. 3, Sept. 2013, pp. 409–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2013.03.032.

Caiulo, Vito Antonio, et al. ‘Lung Ultrasound in Bronchiolitis: Comparison with Chest X-Ray’. European Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 170, no. 11, Nov. 2011, pp. 1427–33, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1461-2.

Chaikof, Elliot L., et al. ‘The Care of Patients with an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The Society for Vascular Surgery Practice Guidelines’. Journal of Vascular Surgery, vol. 50, no. 4, Oct. 2009, pp. S2–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2009.07.002.

Chiem, Alan T., et al. ‘Comparison of Expert and Novice Sonographers’ Performance in Focused Lung Ultrasonography in Dyspnea (FLUID) to Diagnose Patients With Acute Heart Failure Syndrome’. Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 22, no. 5, May 2015, pp. 564–73, https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12651.

Claure-Del Granado, Rolando, and Ravindra L. Mehta. ‘Fluid Overload in the ICU: Evaluation and Management’. BMC Nephrology, vol. 17, no. 1, Dec. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-016-0323-6.

Coca, Steven G., et al. ‘The Duration of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury Is an Additional Parameter Predicting Long-Term Survival in Diabetic Veterans’. Kidney International, vol. 78, no. 9, Nov. 2010, pp. 926–33, https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2010.259.

Contrast Manual | American College of Radiology. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Contrast-Manual.

Copetti, Roberto, et al. ‘Chest Sonography: A Useful Tool to Differentiate Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome’. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, vol. 6, no. 1, Apr. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-6-16.

‘Coronary Disease in Emergency Department Chest Pain Patients with Recent Negative Stress Testing’. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, 2010, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967694/.

Cortellaro, Francesca, et al. ‘Lung Ultrasound Is an Accurate Diagnostic Tool for the Diagnosis of Pneumonia in the Emergency Department’. Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, Jan. 2012, pp. 19–23, https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.101584.

Coursebook Transgit Ch08 by EFSUMB - Issuu. https://issuu.com/efsumb/docs/coursebook-transgit_ch08?e=3336122/6603975.

Ding, Wu, et al. ‘Diagnosis of Pneumothorax by Radiography and Ultrasonography’. Chest, vol. 140, no. 4, Oct. 2011, pp. 859–66, https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-2946.

Does Contrast Cause Kidney Injury? The Evidence - First10EM. https://first10em.com/cin/.

Fair, James, et al. ‘Transesophageal Echocardiography During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is Associated With Shorter Compression Pauses Compared With Transthoracic Echocardiography’. Annals of Emergency Medicine, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.01.018.

Focussed Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) Scan | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/focussed-assessment-with-sonography-for-trauma-fast-scan.

Frassi, Francesca, et al. ‘Prognostic Value of Extravascular Lung Water Assessed With Ultrasound Lung Comets by Chest Sonography in Patients With Dyspnea and/or Chest Pain’. Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol. 13, no. 10, Dec. 2007, pp. 830–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.07.003.

Gargani, Luna, et al. ‘Persistent Pulmonary Congestion before Discharge Predicts Rehospitalization in Heart Failure: A Lung Ultrasound Study’. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, vol. 13, no. 1, Dec. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-015-0033-4.

Gottlieb, Michael, and Frances M. Russell. ‘How Safe Is the Ultrasonographically Guided Peripheral Internal Jugular Line?’ Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 71, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp. 132–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.08.047.

Gulati, Vijay K., et al. ‘Mitral Annular Descent Velocity by Tissue Doppler Echocardiography as an Index of Global Left Ventricular Function’. The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 11, May 1996, pp. 979–84, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(96)00033-1.

Gunnerson, KyleJ, et al. ‘Lactate versus Non-Lactate Metabolic Acidosis: A Retrospective Outcome Evaluation of Critically Ill Patients’. Critical Care, vol. 10, no. 1, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1186/cc3987.

Haemoperitoneum | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/haemoperitoneum.

HeadNeckBrainSpine. http://headneckbrainspine.com/.

Hoffmann, Beatrice, et al. ‘Focus on Abnormal Air’. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 19, no. 5, Oct. 2012, pp. 284–91, https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0b013e3283543cd3.

Houghton, Andrew R. Making Sense of Echocardiography: A Hands-on Guide. Hodder Arnold, 2009, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/gmul-ebooks/detail.action?docID=564813.

Intestinal Ischaemia | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/intestinal-ischaemia.

Is Contrast Induced Nephropathy (CIN) Really Not a Thing? - REBEL EM - Emergency Medicine Blog. http://rebelem.com/contrast-induced-nephropathy-cin-really-not-thing/.

Kadappu, Krishna K., and Liza Thomas. ‘Tissue Doppler Imaging in Echocardiography: Value and Limitations’. Heart, Lung and Circulation, vol. 24, no. 3, Mar. 2015, pp. 224–33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2014.10.003.

Kaddoura, Sam. Echo Made Easy. 2nd ed, Churchill Livingstone, 2009, http://ezproxy.library.qmul.ac.uk/login?url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=QMUL&isbn=9780702050602&uid=^u.

Kanani, Anand Nitin, and Stuart Hartshorn. ‘NICE Clinical Guideline NG39: Major Trauma: Assessment and Initial Management’. Archives of Disease in Childhood - Education & Practice Edition, vol. 102, no. 1, Feb. 2017, pp. 20–23, https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-310869.

Kaplan, Lewis J., and John A. Kellum. ‘COMPARISON OF ACID BASE MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF HOSPITAL MORTALITY FOLLOWING TRAUMA’. Shock, Dec. 2007, https://doi.org/10.1097/shk.0b013e3181618946.

Kelly, Anne-Maree, et al. ‘Agreement between Mathematically Arterialised Venous versus Arterial Blood Gas Values in Patients Undergoing Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Cohort Study’. Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 31, no. e1, Oct. 2014, pp. e46–49, https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2013-202879.

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. https://kdigo.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/KDIGO-2012-AKI-Guideline-English.pdf.

Labovitz, Arthur J., et al. ‘Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in the Emergent Setting: A Consensus Statement of the American Society of Echocardiography and American College of Emergency Physicians’. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, vol. 23, no. 12, Dec. 2010, pp. 1225–30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.10.005.

Langdorf, Mark I., et al. ‘Prevalence and Clinical Import of Thoracic Injury Identified by Chest Computed Tomography but Not Chest Radiography in Blunt Trauma: Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study’. Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 66, no. 6, Dec. 2015, pp. 589–600, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.003.

Laursen, Christian B., et al. ‘Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Patients Admitted with Respiratory Symptoms: A Single-Blind, Randomised Controlled Trial’. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, vol. 2, no. 8, Aug. 2014, pp. 638–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70135-3.

Lederle, Frank A. ‘Does This Patient Have Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?’ JAMA, vol. 281, no. 1, Jan. 1999, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.281.1.77.

Leidel, Bernd A., et al. ‘Comparison of Intraosseous versus Central Venous Vascular Access in Adults under Resuscitation in the Emergency Department with Inaccessible Peripheral Veins’. Resuscitation, vol. 83, no. 1, Jan. 2012, pp. 40–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.017.

Libby, Peter. ‘Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Syndromes and Their Implications for Therapy’. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 368, no. 21, May 2013, pp. 2004–13, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1216063.

Long, Brit, and Michael D. April. ‘What Is the Diagnostic Accuracy of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Patients With Suspected Blunt Thoracoabdominal Trauma?’ Annals of Emergency Medicine, Feb. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.01.016.

Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/lower-gastrointestinal-bleeding.

Lyon, R. M., et al. ‘Issues around Conducting Prehospital Research on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Lessons from the TOPCAT Study’. Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 27, no. 8, Aug. 2010, pp. 637–38, https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2009.087395.

Martindale, Jennifer L., et al. ‘Diagnosing Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’. Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 3, Mar. 2016, pp. 223–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12878.

McGivery, Kyle, et al. ‘Emergency Department Ultrasound for the Detection of B-Lines in the Early Diagnosis of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’. CJEM, vol. 20, no. 03, May 2018, pp. 343–52, https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.27.

McKeever, Tricia M., et al. ‘Using Venous Blood Gas Analysis in the Assessment of COPD Exacerbations: A Prospective Cohort Study’. Thorax, vol. 71, no. 3, Mar. 2016, pp. 210–15, https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207573.

Meyers, H. Pendell, et al. ‘Validation of the Modified Sgarbossa Criteria for Acute Coronary Occlusion in the Setting of Left Bundle Branch Block: A Retrospective Case-Control Study’. American Heart Journal, vol. 170, no. 6, Dec. 2015, pp. 1255–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2015.09.005.

Michard, Frédéric, and Jean-Louis Teboul. ‘Using Heart-Lung Interactions to Assess Fluid Responsiveness during Mechanical Ventilation’. Critical Care, vol. 4, no. 5, 2000, https://doi.org/10.1186/cc710.

Millington, Scott J., and Seth Koenig. ‘Better With Ultrasound’. Chest, vol. 153, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp. 224–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.06.043.

Moriwaki, Yoshihiro. ‘Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Intraperitoneal Free Air in Chest-Abdominal-Pelvic Blunt Trauma and Critical Acute Abdominal Pain’. Archives of Surgery, vol. 144, no. 2, Feb. 2009, https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.2008.553.

MR Safety | American College of Radiology. https://www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Radiology-Safety/MR-Safety.

Muslu, Bunyamin, et al. ‘Use of Sonography for Rapid Identification of Esophageal and Tracheal Intubations in Adult Patients’. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine, vol. 30, no. 5, May 2011, pp. 671–76, https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2011.30.5.671.

Nagdev, Arun, and Daniel Mantuani. ‘A Novel In-Plane Technique for Ultrasound-Guided Pericardiocentesis’. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 31, no. 9, Sept. 2013, p. 1424.e5-1424.e9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.05.021.

Neeland, Ian J., et al. ‘Evolving Considerations in the Management of Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block and Suspected Myocardial Infarction’. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol. 60, no. 2, July 2012, pp. 96–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.02.054.

Oveland, Nils Petter, et al. ‘Using Thoracic Ultrasonography to Accurately Assess Pneumothorax Progression During Positive Pressure Ventilation’. Chest, vol. 143, no. 2, Feb. 2013, pp. 415–22, https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.12-1445.

Overview of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm - UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/overview-of-abdominal-aortic-aneurysm.

Paquet, Anne-Laure, et al. ‘Agreement between Arterial and Venous Lactate in Emergency Department Patients’. European Journal of Emergency Medicine, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.034.

Percutaneous Balloon Dilatation of the Mitral Valve: An Analysis of Echocardiographic Variables Related to Outcome and the Mechanism of Dilatation. https://heart.bmj.com/content/heartjnl/60/4/299.full.pdf.

Perera, Phillips, et al. ‘The RUSH Exam: Rapid Ultrasound in SHock in the Evaluation of the Critically Lll’. Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America, vol. 28, no. 1, Feb. 2010, pp. 29–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2009.09.010.

Pivetta, Emanuele, et al. ‘Lung Ultrasound-Implemented Diagnosis of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure in the ED’. Chest, vol. 148, no. 1, July 2015, pp. 202–10, https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.14-2608.

Ponikowski, Piotr, et al. ‘2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure’. European Heart Journal, vol. 37, no. 27, July 2016, pp. 2129–200, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128.

Price, Susanna, et al. ‘Echocardiography Practice, Training and Accreditation in the Intensive Care: Document for the World Interactive Network Focused on Critical Ultrasound (WINFOCUS)’. Cardiovascular Ultrasound, vol. 6, no. 1, Dec. 2008, https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-7120-6-49.

Quinn, Antonia C., and Richard Sinert. ‘What Is the Utility of the Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma (FAST) Exam in Penetrating Torso Trauma?’ Injury, vol. 42, no. 5, May 2011, pp. 482–87, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.07.249.

Rodriguez, Robert M., et al. ‘A Prospective Study on Esophageal Doppler Hemodynamic Assessment in the ED’. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 24, no. 6, Oct. 2006, pp. 658–63, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.02.006.

Rossaint, Rolf, et al. ‘Management of Bleeding Following Major Trauma: An Updated European Guideline’. Critical Care, vol. 14, no. 2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1186/cc8943.

Russell, Frances M., et al. ‘Diagnosing Acute Heart Failure in Patients With Undifferentiated Dyspnea: A Lung and Cardiac Ultrasound (LuCUS) Protocol’. Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 22, no. 2, Feb. 2015, pp. 182–91, https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12570.

Sauter, Thomas C., et al. ‘Detection of Pneumothoraces in Patients with Multiple Blunt Trauma: Use and Limitations of eFAST’. Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 34, no. 9, Sept. 2017, pp. 568–72, https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2016-205980.

Seraphim, Andreas, et al. ‘Pocket-Sized Echocardiography Devices: One Stop Shop Service?’ Journal of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, vol. 24, no. 1, 2016, https://doi.org/10.4250/jcu.2016.24.1.1.

‘Sgarbossa Criteria Are Highly Specific for Acute Myocardial Infarction with Pacemakers’. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 11, no. 4, 2010, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967688/.

Sgarbossa, Elena B., Sergio L. Pinski, Kathy B. Gates, et al. ‘Early Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Presence of Ventricular Paced Rhythm’. The American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 5, Feb. 1996, pp. 423–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(97)89377-0.

Sgarbossa, Elena B., Sergio L. Pinski, Alejandro Barbagelata, et al. ‘Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Evolving Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Presence of Left Bundle-Branch Block’. New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 334, no. 8, Feb. 1996, pp. 481–87, https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602223340801.

SGARBOSSA, ELENA B. ‘Recent Advances in the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction: Left Bundle Branch Block and Pacing’. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, vol. 19, no. 9, Sept. 1996, pp. 1370–79, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1996.tb04217.x.

Smith, Stephen W., et al. ‘Diagnosis of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Presence of Left Bundle Branch Block With the ST-Elevation to S-Wave Ratio in a Modified Sgarbossa Rule’. Annals of Emergency Medicine, vol. 60, no. 6, Dec. 2012, pp. 766–76, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.119.

Soft Tissue Ultrasound. https://www.acep.org/sonoguide/basic/soft-tissue-ultrasound/.

Sonography in Hypotension and Cardiac Arrest (SHoC) Protocol Consensus Statement IFEM. https://www.ifem.cc/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/PS-7-Sonography-in-Hypotension-and-Cardiac-Arrest-Consensus-Statement.pdf.

Standard of Practice and Guidance for Trauma Radiology in Severely Injured Patients. https://www.rcr.ac.uk/system/files/publication/field_publication_files/bfcr155_traumaradiol.pdf.

Stewart, J. and National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death. Adding Insult to Injury: A Review of the Care of Patients Who Died in Hospital with a Primary Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure). National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death, 2009, http://www.ncepod.org.uk/2009sc.htm.

Surgical Haemostatic Material | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.Org. https://radiopaedia.org/articles/surgical-haemostatic-material.

The Radiology Assistant : Welcome to the Radiology Assistant. http://radiologyassistant.nl/.

‘The Role of Ultrasound in Renal Insufficiency: The Essentials’. Ultrasound Quarterly, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 227–44, http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&AN=00013644-200512000-00003&LSLINK=80&D=ovft.

The RUSH Exam: Rapid Ultrasound in Shock in the Evaluation of the Critically Ill. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/86a1/b3319b1f30266c99e378720af7a298973572.pdf.

Theerawit, Pongdhep, et al. ‘The Correlation Between Arterial Lactate and Venous Lactate in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock’. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 33, no. 2, Feb. 2018, pp. 116–20, https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066616663169.

---. ‘The Correlation Between Arterial Lactate and Venous Lactate in Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock’. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 33, no. 2, Feb. 2018, pp. 116–20, https://doi.org/10.1177/0885066616663169.

Towards Evidence-Based Emergency Medicine: Best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. https://emj.bmj.com/content/emermed/25/4/222.1.full.pdf.

Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Penetrating Thoraco-Abdominal Trauma: A Review of the Literature. http://www.medultrason.ro/ultrasound-in-the-evaluation-of-penetrating-thoraco-abdominal-trauma-a-review-of-the-literature/.

Ultrasound-Assisted Cannulation of the Internal Jugular Vein: A Prospective Comparison to the External Landmark-Guided Technique. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/01.CIR.87.5.1557.

Via, Gabriele, et al. ‘International Evidence-Based Recommendations for Focused Cardiac Ultrasound’. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, vol. 27, no. 7, July 2014, p. 683.e1-683.e33, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.05.001.

Volpicelli, Giovanni, Valeria Caramello, et al. ‘Bedside Ultrasound of the Lung for the Monitoring of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure’. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 26, no. 5, June 2008, pp. 585–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.014.

Volpicelli, Giovanni, Mahmoud Elbarbary, et al. ‘International Evidence-Based Recommendations for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound’. Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 38, no. 4, Apr. 2012, pp. 577–91, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2513-4.

Xirouchaki, Nektaria, et al. ‘Lung Ultrasound in Critically Ill Patients: Comparison with Bedside Chest Radiography’. Intensive Care Medicine, vol. 37, no. 9, Sept. 2011, pp. 1488–93, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2317-y.

Yunos, Nor’azim Mohd, et al. ‘Association Between a Chloride-Liberal vs Chloride-Restrictive Intravenous Fluid Administration Strategy and Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Adults’. JAMA, vol. 308, no. 15, Oct. 2012, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.13356.

Zanobetti, Maurizio, et al. ‘Can Chest Ultrasonography Replace Standard Chest Radiography for Evaluation of Acute Dyspnea in the ED?’ Chest, vol. 139, no. 5, May 2011, pp. 1140–47, https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.10-0435.