Bibliography for ICM7068 - The Physiology of Shock, Shock Syndromes and Tools of Resuscitation BETA

A code of practice for the diagnosis and confirmation of death - Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (no date). Available at: http://www.aomrc.org.uk/publications/reports-guidance/code-practice-diagnosis-confirmation-death/.

‘A Comparison of Albumin and Saline for Fluid Resuscitation in the Intensive Care Unit’ (2004) New England Journal of Medicine, 350(22), pp. 2247–2256. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040232.

‘A European One Health Action Plan against Antimicrobial Resistance’ (no date). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/antimicrobial_resistance/docs/amr_2017_action-plan.pdf.

‘A Randomized Trial of Protocol-Based Care for Early Septic Shock’ (no date) The New England Journal of Medicine, 370, pp. 1683–1693. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1520423050?pq-origsite=summon.

‘Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s: management  | Guidance and guidelines | NICE’ (no date). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg141/chapter/1-guidance.

Alhashemi, J.A., Cecconi, M. and Hofer, C.K. (2011) ‘Cardiac output monitoring: an integrative perspective’, Critical Care, 15(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9996.

‘American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology’ (no date). Available at: https://www.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpregu.00304.2015.

An Ethical Framework for Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death: Executive Summary - Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (no date). Available at: http://www.aomrc.org.uk/publications/reports-guidance/ethical-framework-controlled-donation-circulatory-death-executive-summary/.

Angus, D.C. et al. (2015) ‘A systematic review and meta-analysis of early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: the ARISE, ProCESS and ProMISe Investigators’, Intensive Care Medicine, 41(9), pp. 1549–1560. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3822-1.

Angus, D.C. and van der Poll, T. (2013) ‘Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock’, New England Journal of Medicine, 369(9), pp. 840–851. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1208623.

Antonelli, M. and Sandroni, C. (2013) ‘Hydroxyethyl Starch for Intravenous Volume Replacement’, JAMA, 309(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.851.

Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis. Current Estimates and Limitations | American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (no date). Available at: https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.201504-0781OC.

Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (no date). Available at: http://www.aagbi.org/.

Aya, H.D. et al. (2016) ‘Pharmacodynamic Analysis of a Fluid Challenge’, Critical Care Medicine, 44(5), pp. 880–891. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000001517.

Aya, H.D. et al. (2017) ‘Hemodynamic Effect of Different Doses of Fluids for a Fluid Challenge’, Critical Care Medicine, 45(2), pp. e161–e168. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002067.

Blackstock, M.J. and Ray, D.C. (2014) ‘Organ donation after circulatory death’, European Journal of Emergency Medicine, 21(5), pp. 324–329. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000082.

Booth, R.A. et al. (2014) ‘Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP for diagnosis of heart failure in primary care patients: a systematic review’, Heart Failure Reviews, 19(4), pp. 439–451. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-014-9445-8.

Brohi, K., Cohen, M.J. and Davenport, R.A. (2007) ‘Acute coagulopathy of trauma: mechanism, identification and effect’, Current Opinion in Critical Care, 13(6), pp. 680–685. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MCC.0b013e3282f1e78f.

Burch, V.C., Tarr, G. and Morroni, C. (2008) ‘Modified early warning score predicts the need for hospital admission and inhospital mortality’, Emergency Medicine Journal, 25(10), pp. 674–678. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2007.057661.

Cannon, J.W. et al. (2017) ‘Damage control resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage’, Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 82(3), pp. 605–617. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000001333.

Cecconi, M. et al. (2015) ‘Fluid challenges in intensive care: the FENICE study’, Intensive Care Medicine, 41(9), pp. 1529–1537. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3850-x.

Chappell, D. et al. (2014) ‘Hypervolemia increases release of atrial natriuretic peptide and shedding of the endothelial glycocalyx’, Critical Care, 18(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0538-5.

‘Circulation’ (no date). Available at: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000509.

Clarke, D.L. et al. (2016) ‘Mortality rates increase dramatically below a systolic blood pressure of 105-mm Hg in septic surgical patients’, The American Journal of Surgery, 212(5), pp. 941–945. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.01.042.

Cook, I. et al. (2017) ‘End of Life Care and Do Not Resuscitate Orders: How Much Does Age Influence Decision Making? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 3. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721417713422.

De Backer, D. et al. (2019) ‘Challenges in the management of septic shock: a narrative review’, Intensive Care Medicine [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-019-05544-x.

Elliott, P. (2006) ‘Rational use of inotropes’, Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, 7(9), pp. 326–330. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.mpaic.2006.06.007.

EMCrit Blog - Emergency Department Critical Care & Resuscitation (no date). Available at: https://emcrit.org/.

Gayet-Ageron, A. et al. (2018) ‘Effect of treatment delay on the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in acute severe haemorrhage: a meta-analysis of individual patient-level data from 40 138 bleeding patients’, The Lancet, 391(10116), pp. 125–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32455-8.

Glassberg, E. et al. (2013) ‘Freeze-Dried Plasma at the Point of Injury’, Shock, 40(6), pp. 444–450. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000047.

Glassford, N., Eastwood, G. and Bellomo, R. (2014) ‘Physiological changes after fluid bolus therapy in sepsis: a systematic review of the contemporary literature’, Critical Care, 18(S2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc14037.

Gonzalez, E.A. et al. (2007) ‘Fresh Frozen Plasma Should be Given Earlier to Patients Requiring Massive Transfusion’, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 62(1), pp. 112–119. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000250497.08101.8b.

Gray, A. et al. (2008) ‘Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema’, New England Journal of Medicine, 359(2), pp. 142–151. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0707992.

Guidelines | British Society for Haematology (no date). Available at: http://www.b-s-h.org.uk/guidelines/.

Guidet, B. and Ait-Oufella, H. (2014) ‘Fluid resuscitation should respect the endothelial glycocalyx layer’, Critical Care, 18(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-014-0707-6.

Guyton, A.C. and Hall, J.E. (2016) Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology. Thirteenth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Available at: https://www-vlebooks-com.ezproxy.library.qmul.ac.uk/Vleweb/Product/Index/748473?page=0.

‘Haemodynamic Monitoring: ESICM EDIC PACT Study Tool’ (no date). Available at: https://www.esicm.org/education/.

Handbook of Transfusion Medicine (no date). Available at: https://www.transfusionguidelines.org/transfusion-handbook.

Helmerhorst, H.J.F. et al. (2015) ‘Association Between Arterial Hyperoxia and Outcome in Subsets of Critical Illness’, Critical Care Medicine, 43(7), pp. 1508–1519. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000998.

Hogshire, L. and Carson, J.L. (2013) ‘Red blood cell transfusion’, Current Opinion in Hematology, 20(6), pp. 546–551. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0b013e32836508bd.

Holcomb, J.B. (2011) ‘Reconstitution: Reverse Engineering’, The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 70, pp. S65–S67. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e31821a609c.

Holcomb, J.B. et al. (2015) ‘Transfusion of Plasma, Platelets, and Red Blood Cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 Ratio and Mortality in Patients With Severe Trauma’, JAMA, 313(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.12.

Howell, M.D. et al. (2007) ‘Occult hypoperfusion and mortality in patients with suspected infection’, Intensive Care Medicine, 33(11), pp. 1892–1899. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-007-0680-5.

Hutchings, S.D. et al. (2016) ‘Microcirculatory perfusion shows wide inter-individual variation and is important in determining shock reversal during resuscitation in a porcine experimental model of complex traumatic hemorrhagic shock’, Intensive Care Medicine Experimental, 4(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40635-016-0088-z.

Jhanji, S., Lee, C., et al. (2009) ‘Microvascular flow and tissue oxygenation after major abdominal surgery: association with post-operative complications’, Intensive Care Medicine, 35(4), pp. 671–677. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-008-1325-z.

Jhanji, S., Stirling, S., et al. (2009) ‘The effect of increasing doses of norepinephrine on tissue oxygenation and microvascular flow in patients with septic shock*’, Critical Care Medicine, 37(6), pp. 1961–1966. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181a00a1c.

Jhanji, S. et al. (2010) ‘Haemodynamic optimisation improves tissue microvascular flow and oxygenation after major surgery: a randomised controlled trial’, Critical Care, 14(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9220.

Jiwaji, Z. et al. (2014) ‘Emergency department management of early sepsis: a national survey of emergency medicine and intensive care consultants’, Emergency Medicine Journal, 31(12), pp. 1000–1005. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2013-202883.

Kilgannon, J.H. (2010) ‘Association Between Arterial Hyperoxia Following Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest and In-Hospital Mortality’, JAMA, 303(21). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.707.

Laine, Loren, MD (no date) ‘Blood Transfusion for Gastrointestinal Bleeding’, The New England Journal of Medicine, 368(8), pp. 75–6. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1266235512?pq-origsite=summon.

Lee, Y.K. et al. (2016) ‘Prognostic Value of Lactate and Central Venous Oxygen Saturation after Early Resuscitation in Sepsis Patients’, PLOS ONE, 11(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153305.

Lord, J.M. et al. (2014) ‘The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment’, The Lancet, 384(9952), pp. 1455–1465. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60687-5.

Lucas, C.E. and Ledgerwood, A.M. (2013) ‘FFP:RBC Resuscitation Ratio and Post-Shock Fluid Uptake’, JAMA Surgery, 148(3). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2013.623.

Maitland, K. et al. (2011a) ‘Mortality after Fluid Bolus in African Children with Severe Infection’, New England Journal of Medicine, 364(26), pp. 2483–2495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1101549.

Maitland, K. et al. (2011b) ‘Mortality after Fluid Bolus in African Children with Severe Infection’, New England Journal of Medicine, 364(26), pp. 2483–2495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1101549.

Maitland, K. et al. (2013) ‘Exploring mechanisms of excess mortality with early fluid resuscitation: insightsfrom the FEAST trial’, BMC Medicine, 11(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-11-68.

‘Major trauma: assessment and initial management  | Guidance and guidelines | NICE’ (no date). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng39.

Marik, P.E., Baram, M. and Vahid, B. (2008) ‘Does Central Venous Pressure Predict Fluid Responsiveness?*: A Systematic Review of the Literature and the Tale of Seven Mares’, Chest, 134(1), pp. 172–178. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2331.

Masip, J. et al. (2005) ‘Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema’, JAMA, 294(24). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.294.24.3124.

Mebazaa, A. et al. (2007) ‘Levosimendan vs Dobutamine for Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure’, JAMA, 297(17). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.17.1883.

Mellhammar, L. et al. (2016) ‘Sepsis Incidence: A Population-Based Study’, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 3(4). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw207.

Monge García, M.I. et al. (2015) ‘Effects of fluid administration on arterial load in septic shock patients’, Intensive Care Medicine, 41(7), pp. 1247–1255. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3898-7.

Monnet, X. et al. (2006) ‘Passive leg raising predicts fluid responsiveness in the critically ill*’, Critical Care Medicine, 34(5), pp. 1402–1407. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215453.11735.06.

Morelli, A. et al. (2010) ‘Levosimendan for resuscitating the microcirculation in patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled study’, Critical Care, 14(6). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc9387.

Morelli, A. et al. (2011) ‘Effects of vasopressinergic receptor agonists on sublingual microcirculation in norepinephrine-dependent septic shock’, Critical Care, 15(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/cc10453.

Myburgh, J.A. et al. (2012) ‘Hydroxyethyl Starch or Saline for Fluid Resuscitation in Intensive Care’, New England Journal of Medicine, 367(20), pp. 1901–1911. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1209759.

Myles, P.S. et al. (2017) ‘Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Coronary-Artery Surgery’, New England Journal of Medicine, 376(2), pp. 136–148. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1606424.

Napp, L.C., Kühn, C. and Bauersachs, J. (2017a) ‘ECMO in cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock’, Herz, 42(1), pp. 27–44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-016-4523-4.

Napp, L.C., Kühn, C. and Bauersachs, J. (2017b) ‘ECMO in cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock’, Herz, 42(1), pp. 27–44. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-016-4523-4.

Nevin, D.G. and Brohi, K. (2017) ‘Permissive hypotension for active haemorrhage in trauma’, Anaesthesia [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.14034.

Nunes, T.S.O. et al. (2014) ‘Duration of hemodynamic effects of crystalloids in patients with circulatory shock after initial resuscitation’, Annals of Intensive Care, 4(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-014-0025-9.

O’Grady, N.P. et al. (2011) ‘Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections’, American Journal of Infection Control, 39(4), pp. S1–S34. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.01.003.

Ospina-Tascon, G. et al. (2010) ‘Effects of fluids on microvascular perfusion in patients with severe sepsis’, Intensive Care Medicine, 36(6), pp. 949–955. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-010-1843-3.

Oyeniyi, B.T. et al. (2017) ‘Trends in 1029 trauma deaths at a level 1 trauma center: Impact of a bleeding control bundle of care’, Injury, 48(1), pp. 5–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.037.

Perel, P., Roberts, I. and Ker, K. (2013) ‘Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients’, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub6.

Physiology of Ageing (no date). Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1357303916302298.

Piehl, M.D. et al. (2008) ‘Pulse contour cardiac output analysis in a piglet model of severe hemorrhagic shock*’, Critical Care Medicine, 36(4), pp. 1189–1195. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0B013E31816592A3.

Pierrakos, C. et al. (2012a) ‘Can changes in arterial pressure be used to detect changes in cardiac index during fluid challenge in patients with septic shock?’, Intensive Care Medicine, 38(3), pp. 422–428. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2457-0.

Pierrakos, C. et al. (2012b) ‘Can changes in arterial pressure be used to detect changes in cardiac index during fluid challenge in patients with septic shock?’, Intensive Care Medicine, 38(3), pp. 422–428. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-011-2457-0.

Pranskunas, A. et al. (2013) ‘Microcirculatory blood flow as a tool to select ICU patients eligible for fluid therapy’, Intensive Care Medicine, 39(4), pp. 612–619. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2793-8.

Prytherch, D.R. et al. (2010) ‘ViEWS—Towards a national early warning score for detecting adult inpatient deterioration’, Resuscitation, 81(8), pp. 932–937. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.04.014.

Reinhart, K. et al. (2017) ‘Recognizing Sepsis as a Global Health Priority — A WHO Resolution’, New England Journal of Medicine, 377(5), pp. 414–417. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1707170.

Reynolds, H.R. and Hochman, J.S. (2008) ‘Cardiogenic Shock: Current Concepts and Improving Outcomes’, Circulation, 117(5), pp. 686–697. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.613596.

Rhodes, A. et al. (2017) ‘Surviving Sepsis Campaign’, Critical Care Medicine, 45(3), pp. 486–552. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002255.

Rincon, F. et al. (2014) ‘Association Between Hyperoxia and Mortality After Stroke’, Critical Care Medicine, 42(2), pp. 387–396. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182a27732.

Rodriguez, R.M. et al. (2006) ‘A prospective study on esophageal Doppler hemodynamic assessment in the ED’, The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 24(6), pp. 658–663. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2006.02.006.

Sackner-Bernstein, J.D. et al. (2005) ‘Short-term Risk of Death After Treatment With Nesiritide for Decompensated Heart Failure’, JAMA, 293(15). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.15.1900.

Sammy, I. et al. (2016) ‘Factors affecting mortality in older trauma patients—A systematic review and meta-analysis’, Injury, 47(6), pp. 1170–1183. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2016.02.027.

Sampson, Hugh AMuñoz-Furlong, AnneCampbell, Ronna LAdkinson, N FranklinBock, S Allan (no date) ‘Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: Summary report--Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium’, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 117(7), pp. 391–397. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1504744658?pq-origsite=summon.

Shackelford, S.A. et al. (2017) ‘Association of Prehospital Blood Product Transfusion During Medical Evacuation of Combat Casualties in Afghanistan With Acute and 30-Day Survival’, JAMA, 318(16). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.15097.

Shoemaker, W.C. et al. (1988) ‘Prospective Trial of Supranormal Values of Survivors as Therapeutic Goals in High-Risk Surgical Patients’, Chest, 94(6), pp. 1176–1186. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.94.6.1176.

Sieck, G.C. (2003) ‘Physiology of aging’, Journal of Applied Physiology, 95(4), pp. 1333–1334. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00718.2003.

Solomon, Caren GLaine, Loren (no date) ‘Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Peptic Ulcer’, The New England Journal of Medicine, 374(4), pp. 2367–2376. Available at: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1798243079?pq-origsite=summon.

Spinella, P.C. et al. (2016) ‘Whole blood for hemostatic resuscitation of major bleeding’, Transfusion, 56, pp. S190–S202. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/trf.13491.

Starodub, R. et al. (2013) ‘Association of serum lactate and survival outcomes in patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest’, Resuscitation, 84(8), pp. 1078–1082. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.02.001.

Stub, D. et al. (2015) ‘Air Versus Oxygen in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction’, Circulation, 131(24), pp. 2143–2150. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014494.

Tachon, G. et al. (2014) ‘Microcirculatory Alterations in Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock*’, Critical Care Medicine, 42(6), pp. 1433–1441. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000223.

‘Tackling drug-resistant infections globally’ (no date). Available at: https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160518_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf.

‘The European Society of GI Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline on the diagnosis and management of nonvariceal UGI haemorrhage’ (no date). Available at: https://www.esge.com/assets/downloads/pdfs/guidelines/2015_s_0034_1393172.pdf.

Thiele, H. et al. (2012) ‘Intraaortic Balloon Support for Myocardial Infarction with Cardiogenic Shock’, New England Journal of Medicine, 367(14), pp. 1287–1296. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1208410.

Thiele, H. et al. (2017) ‘Percutaneous short-term active mechanical support devices in cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials’, European Heart Journal, 38(47), pp. 3523–3531. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx363.

Trzeciak, S. et al. (2007) ‘Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: Relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival’, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 49(1), pp. 88-98.e2. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.08.021.

Tuma, M. et al. (2016) ‘Trauma and Endothelial Glycocalyx’, SHOCK, 46(4), pp. 352–357. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000000635.

Vincent, J.L. (2002) ‘Anemia and Blood Transfusion in Critically Ill Patients’, JAMA, 288(12). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.12.1499.

‘World Population Ageing 2015’ (no date). Available at: http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/ageing/WPA2015_Report.pdf.

Xu, J. et al. (2013) ‘Fluid Resuscitation Guided by Sublingual Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide During Hemorrhagic Shock in a Porcine Model’, Shock, 39(4), pp. 361–365. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0b013e31828936aa.

Young, P. et al. (2015a) ‘Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit’, JAMA, 314(16). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.12334.

Young, P. et al. (2015b) ‘Effect of a Buffered Crystalloid Solution vs Saline on Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients in the Intensive Care Unit’, JAMA, 314(16). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.12334.

Young, P.P., Cotton, B.A. and Goodnough, L.T. (2011) ‘Massive Transfusion Protocols for Patients With Substantial Hemorrhage’, Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 25(4), pp. 293–303. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.04.002.